Tubing is mainly used to provide oil and gas flow passage during production of oil and gas wells. For flowing wells, due to the large inner diameter of the CASING, the casing is directly used for production. Due to the density difference, pressure drop and expansion, the liquid flows up rapidly, causing the liquid to slip, resulting in the ineffective utilization of the downhole elastic energy. Running tubing with smaller OD and ID during production can effectively solve the above problems by allowing fluid to flow in the tubing. Therefore, running tubing is required during production of flowing wells. The downhole operation and production of flowing well and non flowing well can be completed by using various tools for tubing running.
The basic requirements of the tubing used for workover are: to comply with the safety and economic principles, to meet the technical requirements adopted during well completion, and to meet the requirements for corrosion resistance and operation measures after the well is put into production.
According to the manufacturing process, oil pipes can be divided into seamless pipes and electric welded pipes. Seamless pipe is a kind of forged steel pipe without welding seam, which is made of hot working steel. After pressing, stretching, heat treatment and other processes, it reaches the standard size of oil pipe, forming a seamless oil pipe series. Electric welding pipe is a kind of pipe with a longitudinal weld formed by resistance welding or electric induction welding without filler metal. The welding edges are squeezed together by mechanical pressure, and the standard size oil pipes are reached through heat treatment and other processes, forming a series of electric welding pipes.
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Want to know the "identity" of the key parts of the car, just use a mobile phone to scan the two-dimensional code, you can get the manufacturer, product name, specifications, models and other information ... These can be achieved soon.
Recently, Chongqing Bureau of Quality Supervision announced 67 local standards. Among them, the "universal coding and marking of auto parts" is on the list.
The reporter learned that this set of standards refers to the coding standards of the International Article Numbering Organization. Chongqing citizens can use this standard to interpret the information of key auto parts and trace the production of their own cars.
Code rules refer to international norms
In life, many commodities are marked with a variety of codes. These codes are used to identify the manufacturer of the product and product-related information.
In the “Uniform Coding and Identification of Auto Parts†published by the Chongqing Bureau of Quality Supervision, the coding rules quoted international standards, and the manufacturer's identification codes are also in line with international standards. The manufacturer's identification code consists of 8 digits, which uniquely identify the parts manufacturers worldwide, which is beneficial to solve the problem of traceability of auto parts products.
Through this coding rule, the manufacturer, production batch, part serial number, and client-side code of an auto part are marked, and a two-dimensional code is generated and engraved on the part. The owner can know by scanning. To accurately trace product parts information.
Chen Zhenyu, director of the Chongqing Institute of Quality and Standardization, introduced that “The Uniform Coding and Labeling of Auto Parts†is a recommended local standard that companies can choose to use.
Laser etching, lifelong carrying
Unlike paper labels, the "Standard" requires the use of laser-etched two-dimensional codes on key and important parts of automobiles, that is, the technology of marking directly on the surfaces of parts and components, ie, "ontology identification."
For example, key components such as the cylinder block, cylinder head, and crankshaft on the engine are laser etched by two-dimensional codes, leaving traceability information and carrying it for life. Citizens use mobile phones to scan the QR code on the parts to obtain a series of data.
By logging on to the China Commodity Information Service Platform and using the scanned data, Chongqing citizens can trace back to production information of parts and components, and even specific production batches and serial numbers.
Enterprises can use this to increase efficiency and reduce costs
"If parts and components use the coding rules specified in this standard, if problems are found, accurate recalls can be achieved." Chen Zhenyu said that the public can also check the parts information by scanning the two-dimensional code to determine whether the production batches of their own vehicles belong to the recall ranks.
In addition, Chen Zhenyu said, "Automatic parts and components can be scanned and coded in two-dimensional codes when entering and leaving the warehouse. This eliminates the high error rate of manual counting. This can increase efficiency and reduce business costs."
At present, the standard has been piloted in some auto parts enterprises in Chongqing, and will be gradually promoted according to the pilot conditions, and has successfully established national standards.