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The servo drive system of CNC machine tools is an important part of the CNC machine tool as a feed drive and actuator that realizes the motion between the cutting tool and the workpiece. It largely determines the performance of CNC machine tools, such as CNC machine tools. A series of important indexes, such as the highest moving speed, tracking accuracy, and positioning accuracy, depend on the performance of the servo drive system. Therefore, with the development of CNC machine tools, the research and development of high-performance servo drive systems has always been one of the key technologies for modern CNC machine tools.
The main performance requirements for the servo drive system of CNC machine tools are as follows:
(1) The feed speed range is large. Not only must meet the low-speed cutting feed requirements, such as 5mm/min, but also to meet the requirements of high-speed feed, such as 10000mm/min.
(2) High displacement accuracy. The displacement accuracy of the servo system refers to the degree of coincidence between the amount of displacement that the command pulse requires to feed the table of the machine tool and the actual amount of the command pulse converted by the servo system into the actual displacement of the table. The smaller the error, the higher the displacement accuracy of the servo system. At present, the precision of the servo system of high-precision CNC machine tools can reach ±5μm in the whole range. Usually, the interpolation software of the interpolator or the computer sends out a feed pulse command and the servo system converts it into a corresponding displacement of the machine table. We call this displacement as the pulse equivalent of the machine tool. The pulse equivalent of the general machine tool is 0.01~0.005mm pulse, and the pulse equivalent of a high-precision CNC machine tool can reach 0.001mm pulse. The smaller the pulse equivalent, the higher the machine's displacement accuracy.
(3) The following error should be small. That is, the speed response of the servo system is faster.
(4) The working stability of the servo system is better. To have a strong anti-jamming capability, ensure that the feed rate is even and smooth, so that parts with low roughness can be machined.
CNC machine tool servo drive system refers to the automatic control system of moving parts (such as the table, power head, etc., this book only uses the workbench as an example) of the machine tool as the control system. It is also called the drive system. On CNC machine tools, the servo drive system receives feed pulse commands generated by the interpolation device or interpolation software. After a certain signal transformation and voltage and power amplification, it is converted into the movement of the machine tool table relative to the cutting tool. At present, this is mainly achieved through the control of AC and DC servo motors or stepper motors and other feed drive elements.