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Among them, the collapsed surrounding rock is divided into two types: natural collapse and forced collapse. After the mining house is finished, the pillar is the part where the stress is concentrated. After returning to the mining column according to the design, the stress in the surrounding rock is redistributed, and when the stress of a certain part exceeds its ultimate strength, natural collapse occurs. In theory, any type of rock should naturally collapse when it reaches the limit exposed surface. However, because the rock mass is not an ideal elastic body, it is often far from reaching the limit exposed area. Because of geological structure, some parts of the surrounding rock may be destroyed.
When the pillar collapses, the surrounding rock follows the caving or gradual collapse and can form the required thickness of the rock. This is the most ideal condition. If the surrounding rock cannot collapse naturally, or the exposed area needs to be gradually expanded to collapse, in order to ensure the safety of the mining work, a certain thickness of the collapsed rock must be temporarily retained in the mine. When the exposed area is enlarged, the surrounding rock still cannot collapse naturally for a long time, so it is necessary to change to the forced collapse of the surrounding rock.
The use of caving surrounding rock to treat the goaf can release the strain energy in the surrounding rock and reduce the concentration of stress; form a rock protection cushion in the upper part of the production area to prevent the upper surrounding rock from suddenly falling a lot. And the impact of mechanical shock on the mining lanes, mining equipment and personnel.